The stem and bulb nematode ditylenchus dipsaci was first described as a parasite of canada thistle cirsium arvense in the canadian prairie provinces in 1979. Ditylenchus dipsaci is a species complex including diploid and polyploid individuals. Molecular characterization of ditylenchus dipsaci on onion in turkey article pdf available in european journal of plant pathology 1511. The ditylenchus destructor genome provides new insights. In heavy infestation crop losses of 6080% are not unusual. The type species of the genus is the stem and bulb nematode, ditylenchus dipsaci, which is a severe plant pathogen worldwide, although its habitats are circumscribed. The immediate effect against soil organisms would be broadspectrum and, if mishandled, potentially violent.
Top of page ditylenchus dipsaci exhibits considerable variation with external factors, such as temperature, and it has several host races. Treatment with ethoprop resulted in greatest reducti. Cih descriptions of plantparasitic nematodes, set 1, no. It is an endoparasitic, migratory nematode commonly found in areas such as the united states, europe, central asia and southern africa. Acclimatization in the eccritic thermal response of.
Tylenchida, parasitizing sowthistle from adriatic coast dunes in southern italy n. Ditylenchus dipsaci an overview sciencedirect topics. Other common names include the iris nematode, the potato tuber eelworm and the potato tuber nematode. Changes in cuticular permeability associated with recovery. Chapter 2 current nematode threats to world agriculture. Stem ditylenchus dipsaci bloat nematode garlic, beet, carrot, celery, tomato, potato also hosts photo courtesy. Using of hydrogen cyanide against ditylenchus dipsaci. Ditylenchus dipsaci described as anguillula dipsaci by kuhn, 1857. Recommendation of the working group on the annexes of the. Genus described in 1934, but includes one of oldest known plant parasites. Garlic bulbs heavily infected withditylenchus dipsaci were chemically treated to control the nematode. This consequence occurs especially with veg etables such as onions, where seeds e. Ditylenchus dipsaci is a plant pathogenic nematode that primarily infects onion and garlic. Pseudhalenchus is considered a valid genus under tylenchinae.
The plant parasitic nematodes important in japan and the related researches. Detection, identification and phylogenetic inference of the. It is of great economic significance worldwide and on the list of quarantine organisms of many countries. Pdf molecular characterization of ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic in. Alfalfa stem nematode, ditylenchus dipsaci distribution and host range in idaho and other northwestern states, the alfalfa stem nematode has been found in many alfalfa producing areas figure 1. Ditylenchus dipsaci, belongs to a diverse species of nematode often referred to as stem and bulb nematodes. Guidelines for isolation and identification of regulated. Initially it was described as being ditylenchus dipsaci. The internal transcribed spacer its of rdna from 23 popu. Many weeds and grasses are hosts for the nematode and may play an.
Ditylenchus dipsaci can survive in the soil in a state of diapause for 89 years. Guidelines for isolation and identification of regulated nematodes of potato solanum tuberosum l. Pm30831 fragaria plants for planting inspection of places of production. Stem nematode ditylenchus dipsaci is one of the most devastating plant parasitic nematodes and is widely distributed mainly in temperate areas. General information about ditylenchus dipsaci ditydi eppo global database. Diagnosing strawberry root and crown diseases heather scheck, plant pathologist, santa arbara ounty ag ommissioners office. It is commonly known as the stem nematode, the stem and bulb eelworm, or onion bloat in the united kingdom. Identification and characterization of ditylenchus spp. Ditylenchus dipsaci is an important pathogen of onion and garlic and causes reductions in bulb quality.
Ditylenchus dipsaci is an plant pathogenic nematode that primarily infects onion and garlic. Janssen dlocentrejorplant breeding and reproduction research cprodlo, p. Brussels, 20th july 2016 recommendation of the working group on the annexes of the council directive 200029ec section ii listing of harmful organisms as regards the future listing of ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn filipvejev 1. Effect of ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn, 1857 tylenchida. Therefore infected plants often causes swellings and distortion of areal plant parts stem, leaves and flowers an necrosing or rotting of stem bases and bulbs. The stem nematode ditylenchus dipsaci is of great economic importance worldwide as a parasite of agricultural crops and horticultural plants. Atplant and nonfumigant strategies for nematode control in. Ditylenchus destructor and ditylenchus dipsaci eppo global. It is the most serious yieldlimiting nematode in idaho and other alfalfa producing areas around the world. Effect of ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn, 1857 dergipark. Ditylenchus dipsaci diseases often present and some years of high importance fusarium basal rot fungal bulb rots fusarium, botrytis, penicillium, rhizopus eriophyid mite diseases usually of minor importance rust embellisia allii now. As of 2019, there are more than 60 described species. Ditylenchus dipsaci ditydidocuments eppo global database.
Some members of this genus, particularly ditylenchus dipsaci, have much larger host ranges than other plant nematodes, which supports the ancient origin of this genus 2,48. Its chromosome number has been reported from a number of hosts and geographical origins and it varies from n 6 to 30 sturhan and brzeski, 1991. Atplant and nonfumigant strategies for nematode control in processing vegetable crops amanda gevens dept. Ditylenchus destructor, however, is capable of surviving low temperatures and overwinters as eggs, which gives this species eggs some advantage over d. Each stage overwinters in the stems, petioles and bulbs of cultivated plants or weeds. Bursaphalenchus mucronatus dna probed with the 18s. Parasitism of the nematode ditylenchus dipsaci in the main cultivated plants of the eastern highlands of colombia. The influence of the host on the dimensions of the plant parasitic nematode ditylenchus destructor. The stem and bulb nematode, ditylenchus dipsaci, is a plantparasitic nematode affecting over 500 plant species with major destruction occurring in onion, garlic, beet, strawberry, broad bean, potato, alfalfa, and oat sturhan and brzeski, 1991. Widely distributed in temperate regions of the world. The toxic effects would be shortlived, and somewhat selective, favoring acidtolerant and.
Ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn, 1857 filipjev, 1936, which is a severe plant pathogen worldwide. Atplant and nonfumigant strategies for nematode control. Major damage on garlic, onion, carrot, broad beans, lucerne, oats, strawberry, and various ornamentals. Symptoms of infection include stunted growth, discoloration of bulbs, and swollen stems. Taxonomic differentiation of three species of ditylenchus. Pdf identification of ditylenchus species associated with. Ditylenchus article about ditylenchus by the free dictionary. We present the first genome sequence for this species, produced with pacbio sequencing and assembled with canu. In those areas it causes a disease called stem break. The stem nematode, a parasite of the herbaceous perennial weed, cirsium arvense l. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a copy to eppo.
Brussels, 20th july 2016 recommendation of the working group on the annexes of the council directive 200029ec section ii listing of harmful organisms as regards the future listing of ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn filipvejev 1 current regulatory status. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Ditylenchus was in effect identification is difficult and preparation of a workable key is almost impossible brzeski, 1991. Wprowadzenie jedynie kilka spo srod ponad 80 dotychczas poznanych gatunkow nicieni z rodzaju. Subbotin, mehrdad madani, eino krall, dieter sturhan, and maurice moens. Ditylenchus destructor is a plant pathogenic nematode commonly known as the potato rot nematode. Ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn, 1857, which has made identification and control of this agronomic pest difficult. Pm 787 2 ditylenchus destructor and ditylenchus dipsaci. Ditylenchus dipsaci and ditylenchus destructor ippc. Pdf characterisation and pathogenicity of ditylenchus dipsaci. This diagnostic protocol was adopted by the standards committee on behalf of the commission on phytosanitary measures in august 2015. Ditylenchus represents a large, adaptable, cosmopolitan and. Ditylenchus destructor and ditylenchus dipsaci 2008.
Pdf molecular characterization of ditylenchus dipsaci on. International plant protection convention compiled comments with stewards responses 2004017. Reproduction occurs throughout the year, except in cold weather. Ditylenchus dipsaci ditydiphotos eppo global database. Within this species are a number of races or strains of the nematode. The cuticular permeability of anhydrobiotic 4thstage juveniles of ditylenchus dipsaci decreases during rehydration, as indicated by staining with osmium tetroxide, the measurement of permeability coefficients by the rate of uptake of tritiated water from a hohcinulin bathing solution and by an increased ability to slow down the rate of water loss and to survive subsequent desiccation. Pdf garlic plant, which has an important place in the world economy as well as in human nutrition, is grown extensively in turkey. Alfalfa stem nematode resistance ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn filipjev pdf r. Mar 28, 2016 ditylenchus dipsaci is an important pathogen of onion and garlic and causes reductions in bulb quality. Between 2012 and 2014, 345 garlic bulb samples were tested for ditylenchus spp. Pdf control of ditylenchus dipsaci in infected garlic seed. It is clear that a more sensitive and reliable technique is needed to distinguish ditylenchus at the species level. Vidal, resistance and tolerance of potato varieties to potato rot nematode ditylenchus destructor and stem nematode ditylenchus dipsaci, annals of applied biology, 2015, 166, 2, 257wiley online library.
The stem and bulb nematode, ditylenchus dipsaci, is a plantparasitic nem atode affecting. Ditylenchus dipsaci species complex based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacerrdna. The relevance ofraces in ditylenchus dipsaci kiihn filipjev, the stem nematode geertj. Farnham royal, uk, commonwealth agricultural bureaux. Studies of plant host preferences of the stem nematodes, ditylenchus weischeri and d. Ditylenchus dipsaci dagger xiphinema americanum needle longidorus elongatus root knot meloidogyne incognita. The problem is not reported from other tobacco producing regions of the world. Studies on the culturing and parasitism of plantparasitic. Ditylenchus dipsaci has only been reported as a tobacco pest in holland, france, germany and switzerland. Ditylenchus destructor i ditylenchus dipsaci zakres niniejszy standard opisuje protokol diagnostyczny dotycz acy ditylenchus destructor i ditylenchus dipsaci.
Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem and bulb nematode, is one of the most devastating plant parasitic nematodes on a wide range of plants and is distributed worldwide especially in temperate regions. Ditylenchus dipsaci ditydioverview eppo global database. The relevance of races in ditylenchus dipsaci kuhn filipjev. Overall, both sexes of the nematode range from 12 mm. All photos included on this page can only be used for educational purposes.
Host range and genetic characterization of ditylenchus dipsaci. Przemyslaw wieczorek, aleksandra obrepalskasteplowska, a comparative and phylogenetic study of theditylenchus dipsaci, ditylenchus destructorandditylenchus gigaspopulations occurring in poland. Atplant and nonfumigant strategies for nematode control in processing vegetable crops amanda gevens. The genus ditylenchus is an extensive one containing 81 species, and within the species ditylenchus dipsaci there are 30 races variations. Ditylenchus a genus of roundworms, or nematodes, of the family tylenchidae. The author has placed restrictions on the pdf copy of this thesis. Ditylenchus dipsaci slippery skin o burkholderia gladioli pv. Anguillulina filipev, 1936 nothotylenchus thorne, 1941 boleodoroides mathur, khan and prasad, 1966 diptenchus khan, chawla and seshadri, 1969 safianema siddiqi, 1980 orrina brzeski, 1981. The nematode genus ditylenchus filipjev contains more than 80 species, only few are parasites of higher plants. Identification of ditylenchus species associated with fabaceae seeds based on a specific polymerase chain reaction of ribosomal dnaits regions. Alfalfa stem nematode is one that attacks and reproduces only on alfalfa medicago sativa. Many are fungal feeders but some are important plant parasites. The races are not physically different in appearance but have different developmental requirements.
Ispm 27 diagnostic protocols for regulated pests dp 8. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzeiwabosi on alfalfa tissues. Ditylenchus dipsaci is a migratory endoparasite that enters hosts through stomata or plant wounds and creates galls or malformations in plant growth allowing for the entrance of secondary pathogens such as fungi and bacteria. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information. Mar11 pathogen of the month march 2011 plant pathology. Ditylenchus dipsaci is a devastating pest to many crops worldwide. Although identification of ditylenchus species may be difficult in. Ditylenchus dipsaci is an important pest aftalion and cohn 1990 with quarantine status in many countries. Control of ditylenchus dipsaci in garlic by bulb and soil treatments. Ditylenchus destructor, the two species rarely occur together in the same plant andrassy and farkas, 1988.
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